三类病毒感染下的手足口病模型的动力学分析

建立了CA16病毒、 EV71病毒及其他病毒株感染下周期性发病的手足口病模型.得到了模型的基本再生数并用它证明了模型无病平衡点的全局渐近稳定性.另外,分析了单一病毒株周期解的稳定性.最后,发现基本再生数最大的病毒株会持续生存下来,其他两种病毒株会被竞争排斥掉.     

Effect of pidotimod on renal function and inflammatory response in rat IgA nephropathy model

AIM:To explore the effect of pidotimod on the renal function in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) rat model, and to further study whether this effect is related to the inhibition of inflammatory response. METHODS:The SD rats (n=36) were randomly divided into control group, IgAN model group, IgAN with prednisone treatment group and IgAN with pidotimod treatment group, with 9 rats in each group. The IgAN model was induced by consecutive oral administration of bovine gamma globulin (BGG) for 8 weeks followed by injection of BGG through tail vein for 3 d. After the IgAN model was established, the drug was continuously used for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the urine protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were examined by an automated analyzer. IgA deposition in the renal tissues was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA expression levels of renal fibrosis markers transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin 1 in the renal tissues were detected by RT-qPCR. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the renal tissues were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS:No significant difference of the body weight was observed in different groups. Compared with control group, the content of urine protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly increased (P<0.01), whereas those were reversed by pidotimod treatment. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that pidotimod inhibited IgA deposition in the IgAN rats. Pitomod treatment inhibited the mRNA expression levels of renal fibrosis markers TGF-β1 and fibronectin 1, and the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in the renal tissues of IgAN rats. CONCLUSION:Pidotimod alleviates IgAN progression in rats by inhibition of inflammatory response.     

寄主植物中抑制十字花科黑腐病菌Ⅲ型分泌系统小分子化合物的鉴定

 寻找抑制植物病原菌III型分泌系统的植物源活性小分子化合物,是研发生物安全农药的重要途径之一。本研究采用水煮提取法从十字花科黑腐病菌寄主植物满身红萝卜中提取分离活性小分子化合物,利用高效液相-质谱联用解析出活性物质的单体结构。然后用荧光素酶基因luxAB构建融合报告系统以及定量PCR检测活性物质对十字花科黑腐病菌III型分泌系统的抑制效果,最后采用剪叶接种和压渗接种的方法研究活性小分子物质对十字花科黑腐病菌的生防作用。研究表明,植物鞘氨醇和二氢鞘氨醇对十字花科黑腐病菌III型分泌系统基因的转录表达有一定程度的抑制作用,但是对I、II、IV型分泌系统基因的表达没有明显的抑制作用。植物鞘氨醇在XCM1上影响菌的生长,而二氢鞘氨醇不影响菌的生长。同时,还发现这两种物质能显著降低Xcc在寄主植株满身红萝卜上的病害症状以及能够使Xcc在非寄主植物辣椒上引起过敏反应的能力丧失。该研究结果为深入研究小分子化合物对十字花科黑腐病菌III型分泌系统的作用机制及后续开发植物源抑制剂提供了一定的理论依据。     

Cf-2/Rcr3pim番茄品系对南方根结线虫的抗性测定

Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄不仅能够抵御番茄叶霉菌的侵染,而且对马铃薯金线虫的寄生也有一定的抑制效果。为挖掘根结线虫的新抗性资源,本研究采用室内人工接种法测定了Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)、Cf-2/Rcr3-3和Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄品系对南方根结线虫的抗感性。抗性评价结果显示,Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)品系对南方根结线虫表现高感,Cf-2/Rcr3-3品系为中感,而Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)品系则为感病。与Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)和Cf-2/Rcr3-3基因型相比,Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄品系虽然对南方根结线虫侵染的敏感性略低,但是不能阻止线虫在根系上的大量繁殖,不适于根结线虫的防控应用。     

Sulodexide protects against hyperglycemia-induced retinal vascular injury via suppressing NOX4/NLRP3 pathway

AIM To investigate the effect of sulodexide (SDX) on high glucose-induced damage in retinal microvascular endothelial cells. METHODS (1) High-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) followed by injection of saline or SDX in C57BL/6J male mice. Retinal microvascular leakage and density, and the protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were measured. (2) Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were treated with normal glucose or high glucose with or without SDX, and were further transfected with siRNA to knock down NOX4, or infected by adenovirus to over-express NOX4. The protein levels of ZO-1, VE-cadherin (VE-Cad), NOX4 and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins as well as the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. RESULTS Treatment with SDX increased the protein level of ZO-1, attenuated retinal leakage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and enhanced the density of microvasculature and the number of ganglion cells in diabetic retinas. The protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad were decreased, while the levels of NOX4, NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and ROS generation were increased in high glucose-treated HRMECs. Silencing of NOX4 inhibited high glucose-induced increases in NLRP3 inflammasome and ROS generation, and decreases in the protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad. Over-expression of NOX4 significantly increased the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and ROS generation in HRMECs, and reduced the protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad. Treatment with SDX partly reversed NOX4 over-expression-induced changes. CONCLUSION SDX alleviates hyperglycemia-induced retinal microvascular endothelial injury via inhibiting NOX4/ROS/NLRP3 pathways.     

Mechanism of elemene enhancing radiosensitivity of human glioma U251 cells

AIM To investigate the effect of elemene on the radiosensitivity of human glioma U251 cells and its mechanism. METHODS The U251 cells were used as a glioma model in vitro, and were exposed to different concentrations of elemene and different doses of radiation. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, the apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the related protein levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Elemene inhibited the viability of U251 cells in vitro and enhanced the radiosensitivity of the cells. The cells in radiotherapy combined with elemene group had higher rates of early apoptosis, secondary necrosis and total cell death than those in radiation group. Elemene induced G₂/M phase arrest in the U251 cells. Elemene reduced the protein expression of cell division cycle protein 2 （Cdc2）, which resulted in the decrease in cyclin B1 expression induced by radiotherapy, thereby inhibiting the formation of cyclin B-Cdc2 complex. Elemene reduced Cdc2 activity by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Cdc2 protein at threonine 161, thereby inducing G₂/M phase arrest in the cells. It also mediated apoptosis by down-regulating survivin expression. CONCLUSION Elemene may increase the sensitivity of U251 cells to radiotherapy by down-regulating Cdc2 protein, decreasing cyclin B1 expression, inhibiting the formation of cylcin B-Cdc2 complex and down-regulating the expression of survivin.     

3种水质调控方式下参池沉积物酶活性的比较研究

2015年10月至2016年9月对自然纳潮、微孔曝气、养水机3种水质调控方式下海参池塘沉积物中淀粉酶、蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶、脱氢酶的活性进行了跟踪比较研究。研究结果显示,3种水质调控方式下池塘沉积物中的淀粉酶活性年变化为0.126~0.880 mg/g,年均值(0.410±0.180) mg/g,蛋白酶活性年变化为0.024~0.472 mg/g,年均值(0.190±0.103) mg/g,碱性磷酸酶活性年变化为0.068~1.042 mg/g,年均值(0.340±0.196) mg/g,脱氢酶活性年变化为12.092~52.794 mL/g,年均值(26.980±8.295) mL/g。3种水质调控方式下池塘沉积物中蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶及脱氢酶活性均在自然纳潮池塘中均值最高,变化幅度最大;淀粉酶活性均值则在自然纳潮池塘中最低,养水机池塘最高,这与养水机池塘有机质最低,自然纳潮池塘最高,养水机池塘沉积物的细菌多样性最高,真菌数量最多有关。表明养水机能够快速去除沉积物中氮、磷有机化合物,有利于池塘的正常物质循环。本研究从沉积物酶活性的角度,探讨了养水机的作用效果与其他两种水质调控方式产生差异的机理。     

蜡梅花离体摊放过程中香气感官评价和挥发性物质分析

蜡梅花是重要的天然花香原料。采用顶空—固相微萃取和气相色谱—质谱联用技术（HS–SPME–GC–MS）结合感官审评，分析了采摘后蜡梅花摊放过程中挥发性物质的变化规律。结果表明，离体蜡梅花在摊放过程中开放状态变化不明显，花枝经清水培养，花苞到全开状态历经32 h左右。全开状态蜡梅花的挥发性物质种类随摊放时间的延长呈先增加后降低的趋势，摊放12 h最多，此时出现了酮类、醛类和酚类；大部分挥发性物质相对含量在摊放20 h后降低。主要挥发性物质乙酸苄酯在摊放12 h达峰值，较0 h增加35.04%；4–乙基苄醇和α–罗勒烯呈现先增加后降低的趋势；α–罗勒烯在摊放4 h后急剧增加，20 h达最大值；芳樟醇、别罗勒烯和2,6–二甲基–2,4,6–辛三烯在摊放24 h内呈降低趋势，分别较0 h下降了18.32%、78.92%和41.19%。结合感官审评与GC–MS分析结果可知，全开状态的蜡梅花采摘后离体摊放20 h内能较好地保持花香的鲜灵度和浓郁度，且在12 ~ 20 h之间挥发性物质种类丰富，具花果香的挥发性物质相对含量较高。研究结果可为蜡梅花作为天然花香原料的更有效利用提供理论参考。     

NaCl胁迫对甜瓜生理指标及相关基因表达的影响

以薄皮甜瓜(IVF05、IVF89)和厚皮甜瓜(IVF117、IVF303)为试材,研究Na Cl(150 mmol·L~(-1))处理对4个甜瓜品种发芽、幼苗生长及相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,在Na Cl胁迫下,薄皮甜瓜IVF89的生长指标受到的抑制作用最大,其发芽率、发芽指数、胚根长度和胚轴长度分别下降23百分点、76.24%、46.71%和39.27%;厚皮甜瓜IVF303的生长指标受到的抑制作用最小,其发芽率下降不明显,发芽指数、胚根长度和胚轴长度分别下降46.52%、34.86%和23.08%;Na Cl胁迫提高了甜瓜幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,增加了游离脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白的含量;4个甜瓜品种幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和SPAD值均显著降低,IVF05、IVF89、IVF117和IVF303的Pn分别下降了64.44%、69.62%、61.23%、60.00%;4个甜瓜品种的卡尔文循环(Calvin)关键酶基因1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶基因(CmRubisco)、3-磷酸甘油酸激酶基因(CmPGK)和叶绿体型果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶基因(Cm FBPase)表达均显著下调,核酮糖-5-磷酸激酶基因(Cm PRK)表达大多上调;甜瓜耐盐相关基因质膜Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因(Cm SOS1)、液泡膜Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因(CmNHX1)、高亲和力K~+转运体基因(CmHKT1)和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖基转移酶基因(CmGnT)的表达均上调,其中IVF303的基因表达上调幅度最大。通过主成分分析、相关分析和聚类分析等综合分析方法,将4个甜瓜品种分为3类,IVF05和IVF89为盐敏感类型,IVF117为中耐盐类型,IVF303为强耐盐类型。     

47份鲜食玉米对丝黑穗病和瘤黑粉病的抗性鉴定与评价

2018年通过田间人工接种对47份鲜食玉米杂交种进行了由丝孢堆黑粉菌(Sporisorium reilianum)引起的玉米丝黑穗病和玉蜀黍黑粉菌(Ustilago maydis)引起的玉米瘤黑粉病的抗性鉴定和评价。对丝黑穗病的鉴定结果表明,47份鲜食玉米杂交种中无高抗材料;4份材料表现抗病,分别是三禾甜加糯6号、金辉588、金辉895和黑甜糯520,占8.5%;1份材料盛彩甜3号表现中抗,占2.1%;14份材料表现感病,占29.8%;28份材料表现高感,占59.6%。对瘤黑粉病的鉴定结果表明,47份鲜食玉米杂交种中27份材料表现高抗,占57.4%;6份材料表现抗病,占12.8%;6份材料表现中抗,占12.8%;5份材料表现感病,占10.6%;3份材料表现高感,占6.4%。鲜食玉米新品种中抗丝黑穗病品种比较匮乏,抗瘤黑粉病品种比较丰富,但兼抗两种病害的品种严重缺乏。